Seifert, Keith, Ph.D.

• Research Publications
• Other Science Related Publications

Contact Information:

960 Carling Ave
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6
Telephone: 613-759-1378
Fax: 613-759-1701
Email: keith.seifert@agr.gc.ca

Areas of Expertise:

• Taxonomy, phylogeny and identification of moulds;
• Mycotoxigenic fungi;
• Fusarium;
• Penicillium;
• DNA sequencing and molecular detection and quantification of fungi in agricultural ecosystems;
• Application of fungal taxonomy to genomics, crop breeding and plant pathology;
• Identification of moulds from agricultural settings, food, soil, and the human environment;

Current Projects:

• Fungi: Develop new information on taxonomy, phylogeny, distribution and biology of fungi, including systematic research related to biosecurity/alien invasive species as well as species involved in the development of bioproducts
• Build and maintain reference collections and databases of plants and fungi: AAFC Vascular Plant Herbarium (DAO) and National Mycological Herbarium (DAOM). Support for Canadian Collection of Fungal Cultures (CCFC).
• Development of phylogenomics capability, rapid detection and identification tools.
• Accurate identification, information and related training for scientific research and biodiversity protection.

Affiliations:

• Adjunct Professor, University of Ottawa, Department of Biology
• Chair, International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi
• Member of editorial board, Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology
• Member of editorial board, CBS Biodiversity Series
• Member of editorial board, Mycoscience
• Member of editorial board, Studies in Mycology
• Member of editorial board, Sydowia
• Member of International Commission on Penicillium and Aspergillus
• Member of International Commission on Fusarium Systematics

Research Publications:

2013:

• Rossman, A.Y., Seifert, K.A., Samuels, G.J., Minnis, A.M., Schroers, H.-J., Lombard, L., Crous, P.W., Põldmaa, K., Cannon, P.F., Summerbell, R.C., Geiser, D.M., Zhuang, W.-Y., Hirooka, Y., Herrera, C., Salgado-Salazar, C., and Chaverri, P. (2013). "Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) proposed for acceptance or rejection.", IMA Fungus, 4(1), pp. 41-51. doi : 10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.05
• Visagie, C.M., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Rodriques, C., Silva Pereira, C., Dijksterhuis, J., Seifert, K.A., Jacobs, K., and Samson, R.A. (2013). "Five new Penicillium species in section Sclerotiora: a tribute to the Dutch Royal family.", Persoonia, 31, pp. 42-62. doi : 10.3767/003158513X667410
• Visagie, C.M., Llimona, X., Vila, J., Louis-Seize, G.W., and Seifert, K.A. (2013). "Phylogenetic relationships and the newly discovered sexual state of Talaromyces flavovirens, comb. Nov.", Mycotaxon, 122, pp. 399-411. doi : 10.5248/122.399

2012:

• Crous, P.W., Shivas, R.G., Wingfield, M.J., Summerell, B.A., Rossman, A.Y., Alves, J.L., Adams, G.C., Barreto, R.W., Bell, A., Coutinho, M.L., Flory, S.L., Gates, G., Grice, K.R., Hardy, G.E.St.J., Kleczewski, N.M., Lombard, L., Longa, C.M.O., Macedo, F., Louis-Seize, G.W., Mahoney, D.P., Maresi, G., Martin-Sanchez, P.M., Marvanová, L., Minnis, A.M., Morgado, L.N., Noordeloos, M.E., Phillips, A.J.L., Quaedvlieg, W., Ryan, P.G., Saiz-Jimenez, C., Seifert, K.A., Swart, W.J., Tan, Y.P., Tanney, J.B., Thu, P.Q., Videira, S.I.R., Walker, D.M., and Groenewald, J.Z. (2012). "Fungal Planet description sheets: 128-153.", Persoonia, 29, pp. 146-201. doi : 10.3767/003158512X661589
• Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Frisvad, J.C., Seifert, K.A., Overy, D.P., Tuthill, D.M., Valdez, J.G., and Samson, R.A. (2012). "New penicillin-producing Penicillium species and an overview of section Chrysogena.", Persoonia, 29, pp. 78-100. doi : 10.3767/003158512X660571
• Hughes, S.J. and Seifert, K.A. (2012). "Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on sooty mould names based on species mixtures: Hormiscium handelii and Torula lechleriana.", Mycoscience, 53(1), pp. 17-24. doi : 10.1007/s10267-011-0133-4
• Hughes, S.J., Atkinson, T.J., and Seifert, K.A. (2012). "New Zealand fungi 37: two new species of the sooty mould genus Metacapnodiums with dictyoseptate ascospores.", New Zealand Journal of Botany, 50(4), pp. 381-387. doi : 10.1080/0028825X.2012.698626
• Réblová, M. and Seifert, K.A. (2012). "Cirrosporium novae-zelandiae, an enigmatic coelomycete with meristem arthroconidia, with ancestors in the Eurotiomycetes.", Mycology, 104(6), pp. 1315-1324. doi : 10.3852/12-040
• Réblová, M., Seifert, K.A., Fournier, J., and Štěpánek, V. (2012). "Phylogenetic classification of Pleurothecium and Pleurotheciella gen. nov. and its dactylaria-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes) based on nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding genes.", Mycology, 104(6), pp. 1299-1314. doi : 10.3852/12-035
• Rivera, K.G., Díaz, J., Chavarría-Díaz, F., Garcia, M., Urb, M., Thorn, R.G., Louis-Seize, G.W., Janzen, D.H., and Seifert, K.A. (2012). "Penicillium mallochii and P. guanacastense, two new species isolated from Costa Rican caterpillars.", Mycotaxon, 119, pp. 315-328. doi : 10.5248/119.315
• Schoch, C.L., Seifert, K.A., Huhndorf, S.M., Robert, V.A., Spouge, J.L., Lévesque, C.A., Chen, W., and Fungal Barcoding Consortium, (2012). "Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi.", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS), 109(16), pp. 6241-6246. doi : 10.1073/pnas.1117018109
• Seifert, K.A. and Gräfenhan, T. (2012). "Lectotypification and characterization of the natural phenotype of Fusarium bactridioides.", Mycotaxon, 120, pp. 415-422. doi : 10.5248/120.415
• Seifert, K.A., Frisvad, J.C., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Llimona, X., Peterson, S.W., Samson, R.A., and Visagie, C.M. (2012). "(2051) Proposal to conserve the name Talaromyces over Lasioderma (Ascomycota).", Taxon, 61(2), pp. 461-462.

2011:

• Crous, P.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Shivas, R.G., Edwards, J., Seifert, K.A., Alfenas, A.C., Alfenas, R.F., Burgess, T.I., Carnegie, A.J., Hardy, G.E.St.J., Hiscock, N., Hüberli, D., Jung, T., Louis-Seize, G.W., Okada, G., Pereira, O.L., Stukely, M.J.C., Wang, W., White, G.P., Young, A.J., McTaggart, A.R., Pascoe, I.G., Porter, I.J., and Quaedvlieg, W. (2011). "Fungal Planet description sheets: 69-91.", Persoonia, 26, pp. 108-156. doi : 10.3767/003158511X581723
• Gräfenhan, T., Schroers, H.-J., Nirenberg, H.I., and Seifert, K.A. (2011). "An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella..", Studies in Mycology, 68(1), pp. 79-113. doi : 10.3114/sim.2011.68.04
• Hawksworth, D.L., Crous, P.W., Redhead, S.A., Reynolds, D.R., Samson, R.A., Seifert, K.A., Taylor, J.W., Wingfield, M.J., Abaci, Ö., Aime, C., Asan, A., Bai, F.-Y., de Beer, Z.W., Begerow, D., Berikten, D., Boekhout, T., Buchanan, P.K., Burgess, T.I., Buzina, W., Cai, L., Cannon, P.F., Crane, J.L., Damm, U., Daniel, H.-M., van Diepeningen, A.D., Druzhinina, I.S., Dyer, P.S., Eberhardt, U., Fell, J.W., Frisvad, J.C., Geiser, D.M., Geml, J., Glienke, C., Gräfenhan, T., Groenewald, J.Z., Groenewald, M., de Gruyter, J.Z., Guého-Kellermann, E., Hibbett, D.S., Hong, S.-B., de Hoog, G.S., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Huhndorf, S.M., Hyde, K.D., Ismail, A., Johnston, P.R., Kadaifciler, D.G., Kirk, P.M., Kõljalg, U., Kurtzman, C.P., Lagneau, P.-E., Lévesque, C.A., and others (2011). "The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature.", IMA Fungus, 2(1), pp. 105-112. doi : 10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.14
• Hawksworth, D.L., Crous, P.W., Redhead, S.A., Samson, R.A., Seifert, K.A., Taylor, J.W., and Wingfield, M.J. (2011). "The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature.", Mycotaxon, 116, pp. 491-500.
• Lewis, C.T., Bilkhu, S., Robert, V.A., Eberhardt, U., Szöke, S., Seifert, K.A., and Lévesque, C.A. (2011). "Identification of Fungal DNA Barcode Targets and PCR Primers Based on Pfam Protein Families and Taxonomic Hierarchy.", Open Applied Informatics Journal, 5(Suppl. 1-M5), pp. 30-44. doi : 10.2174/1874136301105010030
• Réblová, M. and Seifert, K.A. (2011). "Discovery of the teleomorph of the hyphomycete, Sterigmatobotrys macrocarpa, and epitypification of the genus to holomorphic status.", Studies in Mycology, 68(1), pp. 193-202. doi : 10.3114/sim.2011.68.08
• Réblová, M., Gams, W., and Seifert, K.A. (2011). "Monilochaetes and allied genera of the Glomerellales, and a reconsideration of families in the Microascales.", Studies in Mycology, 68(1), pp. 163-191. doi : 10.3114/sim.2011.68.07
• Rivera, K.G. and Seifert, K.A. (2011). "A taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the Penicillium sclerotiorum complex.", Studies in Mycology, 70(1), pp. 139-158. doi : 10.3114/sim.2011.70.03
• Robert, V.A., Szöke, S., Eberhardt, U., Cardinali, G., Meyer, W., Seifert, K.A., Lévesque, C.A., and Lewis, C.T. (2011). "The Quest for a General and Reliable Fungal DNA Barcode.", Open Applied Informatics Journal, 5(Suppl. 1-M6), pp. 45-61.
• Samson, R.A., Yilmaz, N., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Spierenburg, H., Seifert, K.A., Peterson, S.W., Varga, J., and Frisvad, J.C. (2011). "Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium.", Studies in Mycology, 70(1), pp. 159-183. doi : 10.3114/sim.2011.70.04
• Schroers, H.-J., Gräfenhan, T., Nirenberg, H.I., and Seifert, K.A. (2011). "A revision of Cyanonectria and Geejayessia gen. nov. and related species with fusarium-like anamorphs.", Studies in Mycology, 68(1), pp. 115–138. doi : 10.3114/sim.2011.68.05
• Seifert, K.A. and Gams, W. (2011). "The genera of Hyphomycetes – 2011 update.", Persoonia, 27, pp. 119-129. doi : 10.3767/003158511X617435
• Seifert, K.A., Morgan-Jones, G.A., Gams, W., and Kendrick, B. (Eds.) (2011). The Genera of Hyphomycetes. CBS Biodiversity Series 9., CBS Fungal Diversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. (Book)

2010:

• Amend, A.S., Seifert, K.A., Samson, R.A., and Bruns, T.D. (2010). "Indoor fungal composition is geographically patterned and more diverse in temperate zones than in the tropics.", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS), 107(31), pp. 13748-13753. doi : 10.1073/pnas.1000454107
• Amend, A.S., Seifert, K.A., and Bruns, T.D. (2010). "Quantifying microbial communities with 454 pyrosequencing: does read abundance count?", Molecular Ecology, 19(24), pp. 5555-5565. doi : 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04898.x
• Demeke, T., Gräfenhan, T., Clear, R.M., Phan, A., Ratnayaka, I., Chapados, J.T., Patrick, S.K., Gaba, D., and Seifert, K.A., and Lévesque, C.A. (2010). "Development of a specific TaqMan® real-time PCR assay for quantification of Fusarium graminearum clade 7 and comparison of fungal biomass determined by PCR with deoxynivalenol content in wheat and barley.", International Journal of Food Microbiology, 141(1-2), pp. 45-50. doi : 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.04.020
• Hawksworth, D.L., Cooper, J.A., Crous, P.W., Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, T., Kirk, P.M., Lumbsch, H.T., May, T.W., Minter, D.W., Misra, J.K., Norvell, L.L., Redhead, S.A., Rossman, A.Y., Seifert, K.A., Stalpers, J.A., Taylor, J.W., and Wingfield, M.J. (2010). "(117-119) Proposals to make the pre-publication deposit of key nomenclatural information in a recognized repository a requirement for valid publication of organisms treated as fungi under the Code.", Taxon, 59(2), pp. 660-662.

2009:

• Chen, W., Seifert, K.A., and Lévesque, C.A. (2009). "A high density COX1 barcode oligonucleotide array for identification and detection of species of Penicillium subgenus Penicillium.", Molecular Ecology Resources, 9(Suppl. 1), pp. 114-129. doi : 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02638.x
• Gams, W., Seifert, K.A., and Morgan-Jones, G.A. (2009). "New and validated hyphomycete taxa to resolve nomenclatural and taxonomic issues.", Mycotaxon, 110, pp. 89-108. doi : 10.5248/110.89
• Gilmore, S.R., Gräfenhan, T., Louis-Seize, G.W., and Seifert, K.A. (2009). "Multiple copies of cytochrome oxidase 1 in species of the fungal genus Fusarium.", Molecular Ecology Resources, 9(Suppl. 1), pp. 90-98. doi : 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02636.x
• Hawksworth, D.L., Crous, P.W., Dianese, J.C., Gryzenhout, M., Norvell, L.L., and Seifert, K.A. (2009). "(016-020) Proposals to amend the Code to make clear that it covers the nomenclature of fungi, and to modify its governance with respect to names of organisms treated as fungi.", Taxon, 58(2), pp. 658-659.
• Hawksworth, D.L., Crous, P.W., Dianese, J.C., Gryzenhout, M., Norvell, L.L., and Seifert, K.A. (2009). "Proposals 016-020 to amend the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.", Mycotaxon, 108, pp. 1-4. doi : 10.5248/108.1
• Njobeh, P.B., Dutton, M.F., Koch, S.H., Chuturgoon, A., Stoev, S., and Seifert, K.A. (2009). "Contamination with storage fungi of human food from Cameroon.", International Journal of Food Microbiology, 135(3), pp. 193-198. doi : 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.08.001
• Seifert, K.A. (2009). "Progress towards DNA barcoding of fungi.", Molecular Ecology Resources, 9(Suppl. 1), pp. 83-89. doi : 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02635.x
• Spotts, R.A., Seifert, K.A., Wallis, K.M., Sugar, D., Xiao, C.L., Serdani, M., and Henriquez, J.L. (2009). "Description of Cryptosporiopsis kienholzii and species profiles of Neofabraea in major pome fruit growing districts in the Pacific Northwest USA.", Mycological Research, 113(11), pp. 1301-1311. doi : 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.08.013

Other Science Related Publications:

2012:

• Barasubiye, T., Seifert, K.A., and Lévesque, C.A. (2012). "The National fungal identification service at ECORC_challenges and opportunities.", Canadian Phytopathological Society (CPS) 83rd Annual Meeting, Marriott Gateway On The Falls, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, June 24-27, 2012, Published in: Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology / Revue canadienne de phytopathologie, 35(1), pp. 102.
• Lévesque, C.A., Bilkhu, S., Chapados, J.T., Chen, W., Hambleton, S., Lewis, C.T., Oliver, K., and Seifert, K.A. (2012). "AeroNet: A Canadian spore trapping network monitoring fungi and bacteria with DNA barcodes and next generation sequencing.", The Role of Genomics & Bioinformatics in Protecting Canadians from Microbial Food Safety Risks Workshop, Southway Hotel and Conference Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada, February 21-22, 2012. (Presentation)
• Nguyen, H.D., Nickerson, N.L., and Seifert, K.A. (2012). "Basidioascus: a new lineage of heat resistant and xerotolerant basidiomycete.", Inoculum, 63(3), pp. 35.
• Schoch, C.L. and Seifert, K.A. (2012). "Reply to Kiss: Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) remains the best candidate as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi despite imperfections.", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS), 109(27), pp. E1812.
• Seifert, K.A. and Miller, A.N. (2012). "Subcommissions, working groups, and protected lists.", Inoculum, 36(3), pp. 44.
• Tesfaendrias, M.T., McDonald, M.R., Macdonald, M.M., Peters, R.D., Barasubiye, T., and Seifert, K.A. (2012). "Fusarium root rot and crown rot of carrots in Ontario and Prince Edward Island.", Canadian Phytopathological Society (CPS) 83rd Annual Meeting, Marriott Gateway On The Falls, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, June 24-27, 2012, Published in: Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology / Revue canadienne de phytopathologie, 35(1), pp. 127.
• de Beer, Z.W., Seifert, K.A., and Wingfield, M.J. (2012). "The impacts of 1F:1N on the Ophiostomatales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota).", Inoculum, 63(3), pp. 15.

2011:

• Chen, W., Lewis, C.T., Chapados, J.T., Bilkhu, S., Hambleton, S., Seifert, K.A., and Lévesque, C.A. (2011). "Aerobiota diversity in Canada’s air: Mining the metagenomic data.", Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Spring Workshop in Mycology, Peterborough, ON, Canada, May 7-8, 2011. (Presentation)
• Gräfenhan, T., Seifert, K.A., and Clear, R.M. (2011). "Genetic diversity of Fusarium on grains: Changing species concepts and their impact on molecular diagnostics.", 7th Canadian Workshop on Fusarium Head Blight (CWFHB) / Colloque canadien sur la fusariose, Delta Winnipeg Hotel, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, November 27-30, 2011, pp. 58.
• Lévesque, C.A., Bilkhu, S., Chapados, J.T., Chen, W., Hambleton, S., Lewis, C.T., Oliver, K., and Seifert, K.A. (2011). "AeroNet: A Canadian spore trapping network monitoring fungi and bacteria with DNA barcodes and next generation sequencing.", iBOL-Canada: The future of DNA Barcoding in Canada, Beaty Biodiversity Museum, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada, April 29-May 1, 2011. (Presentation)
• Minnis, A.M., Redhead, S.A., Seifert, K.A., and Halling, R.E. (2011). "2012 Nomenclatural Procedures FAQ: Help and Checklist for Authors.", published in Mycologia (Web Page), Mycological Society of America, Washington, DC, USA.
• Redhead, S.A., Norvell, L.L., Seifert, K.A., and Miller, A.N. (2011). "International meetings planned to discuss fungal nomenclature.", IMA Fungus, 2(2), pp. 44-45.
• Rossman, A.Y. and Seifert, K.A. (2011). "Phylogenetic revision of taxonomic concepts in the Hypocreales and other Ascomycota - A tribute to Gary J. Samuels (Preface).", Studies in Mycology, 68(1), pp. 6-10.
• Rossman, A.Y. and Seifert, K.A. (Eds.) (2011). Phylogenetic revision of taxonomic concepts in the Hypocreales and other Ascomycota - A tribute to Gary J. Samuels. Studies in Mycology 68., CBS Publisher, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), The Netherlands. (Book)
• Rossman, A.Y. and Seifert, K.A. (Eds.) (2011). Studies in Mycology 68 (1): Phylogenetic revision of taxonomic concepts in the Hypocreales and other Ascomycota - A tribute to Gary J. Samuels., CBS Publisher, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), The Netherlands.
• Schoch, C.L., Seifert, K.A., Spouge, J.L., Robert, V.A., Bolchacova, E., and Crous, P.W. (2011). "An official barcode for fungi.", 4th International Barcode of Life Conference, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, November 28-December 3, 2011.
• Schoch, C.L., Seifert, K.A., and Crous, P.W. (2011). "Progress on DNA Barcoding of Fungi.", IMA Fungus, 2(1), pp. 5-6.
• Seifert, K.A. (2011). "Do we need a Canadian Mycological Association?", Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Spring Workshop in Mycology, Peterborough, ON, Canada, May 7-8, 2011.
• Seifert, K.A. (2011). "In Memoriam: John William (“Bill”) Carmichael (1927–2011).", IMA Fungus, 2(1), pp. 12.
• Seifert, K.A. (2011). "Real moulds and virtual moulds: On the farm, in the forest, and in the home.", Carleton University, Department of Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada, October 2011. (Presentation)
• Seifert, K.A. (2011). "The IMA Gavel.", IMA Fungus, 2(1), pp. 29.
• Seifert, K.A. (2011). "The mould in your closet.", Toronto Mycological Association, Toronto, ON, Canada, March 2011. (Presentation)
• Seifert, K.A. and Miller, A.N. (2011). "International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi: Roadmap to 2014.", IMA Fungus, 2(1), pp. 26.
• Seifert, K.A., Gräfenhan, T., Hodge, K.T., Summerell, B.A., Degawa, Y., and McFadden-Smith, W. (2011). "The International Tree Slime Project.", 4th International Barcode of Life Conference, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, November 28-December 3, 2011. (Poster)
• Seifert, K.A., Gräfenhan, T., Schroers, H.-J., and Nirenberg, H.I. (2011). "Fusarium divided: New generic concepts and experiments with single name nomenclature.", Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS) and International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) Symposium: One Fungus = One Name, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 19-20, 2011.
• Seifert, K.A., Mwange, K.N., Whiteside, D.P., Visagie, C.M., Samson, R.A., Meijer, M., Amend, A.S., and Bruns, T.D. (2011). "IMBOL: The Indoor Mycota Barcode of Life.", 4th International Barcode of Life Conference, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, November 28-December 3, 2011.

2009:

• Al-Mughrabi, K.I., Peters, R.D., Howard, R.J., Grant, L., Barasubiye, T., Seifert, K.A., Shoemaker, R.A., Lynch, K., Poirier, R., Vikram, A., Drake, K.A., MacDonald, I.K., and Lisowski, S.L.I. (2009). "Management of silver scurf and fusarium dry rot of potatoes in storage using BIO-Save 10LP and Bio-Save 11LP (Pseudomonas syringae).", Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology / Revue canadienne de phytopathologie, 31(1), pp. 117-118. (Abstract)
• Lévesque, C.A., Seifert, K.A., Babcock, C., Bissett, J.D., Hambleton, S., Lewis, C.T., Redhead, S.A., Brière, S.C., Côté, M.J., and Hamelin, R.C. (2009). "CRTI-04-0045RD - Development of collections, reference/DNA databases and detection systems to counter bioterrorism against agriculture and forestry.", 7th Annual CRTI Summer Symposium 2009, Ottawa, ON, Canada, June 16-18, 2009, pp. 10-11.