Lapen, David, Ph.D.
Research ScientistContact Information:
960 Carling Ave
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6
Telephone: 613-759-1537
Fax: 613-759-1937
Email: david.lapen@agr.gc.ca
Areas of Expertise:
- Hydrology
- Applied soil physics
- Data mining
- Vadose zone modeling
- Precision agriculture
- Geographic information systems
Current Projects:
- Watershed evaluation of beneficial management practices
- Managing biosolid contamination of water resources
- Microbial source tracking
Research Publications:
The links below lead to abstracts with access to full text.2013:
- Frey, S.K., Ball, B., Edwards, M., Gottschall, N., Sunohara, M., Zoski, E.D., and Lapen, D.R. (2013). "Tile drainage management influences on surface-water and groundwater quality following liquid manure application.", Journal of Environmental Quality. doi : 10.2134/jeq2012.0261
- Gottschall, N., Topp, E., Edwards, M., Payne, M., Kleywegt, S., Russell, P., and Lapen, D.R. (2013). "Hormones, sterols, and fecal indicator bacteria in groundwater, soil, and subsurface drainage following a high single application of municipal biosolids to a field.", Chemosphere, 91(3), pp. 275-286. doi : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.108
- Marti, R., Gannon, V.P.J., Jokinen, C.C., Lanthier, M., Lapen, D.R., Neumann, N.F., Ruecker, N.J., Scott, A., Wilkes, G.A., Zhang, Y., and Topp, E. (2013). "Quantitative multi-year elucidation of fecal sources of waterborne pathogen contamination in the South Nation River basin using Bacteroidales microbial source tracking markers.", Water Research, 47(7), pp. 2315-2324. doi : 10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.009
- Schmidt, P.J., Pintar, K.D.M., Fazil, A.M., Flemming, C.A., Lanthier, M., Laprade, M., Sunohara, M., Simhon, A., Thomas, J.L., Wilkes, G.A., Topp, E., and Lapen, D.R. (2013). "Using Campylobacter spp. and E. coli Data and Bayesian Microbial Risk Assessment to Examine Public Health Risks in Agricultural Watersheds under Tile Drainage Management.", Water Research. doi : 10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.002
- Wilkes, G.A., Ruecker, N.J., Neumann, N.F., Gannon, V.P.J., Jokinen, C.C., Sunohara, M., Topp, E., Pintar, K.D.M., Edge, T.A., and Lapen, D.R. (2013). "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cryptosporidium Species/Genotypes and Relationships with Other Zoonotic Pathogens in Surface Water from Mixed use Watersheds.", Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 79(2), pp. 434-448. doi : 10.1128/AEM.01924-12
2012:
- Ball Coelho, B.R., Lapen, D.R., Murray, R.L., Topp, E., Bruin, A.J., and Khan, B. (2012). "Nitrogen loading to offsite waters from liquid swine manure application under different drainage and tillage practices.", Agricultural Water Management, 104, pp. 40-50. doi : 10.1016/j.agwat.2011.11.014
- Crabbé, P., Lapen, D.R., Clark, H., Sunohara, M., and Liu, Y. (2012). "Economic benefits of controlled tile drainage: watershed evaluation of beneficial management practices, South Nation river basin, Ontario.", Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 47(1), pp. 30-41. doi : 10.2166/wqrjc.2012.007
- Edge, T.A., El-Shaarawi, A., Gannon, V.P.J., Jokinen, C.C., Kent, R., Khan, I.U.H., Koning, W., Lapen, D.R., Miller, J.J., Neumann, N.F., Phillips, R., Robertson, W.J., Schreier, H., Scott, A., Shtepani, I., Topp, E., Wilkes, G.A., and van Bochove, É. (2012). "Investigation of an Escherichia coli Environmental Benchmark for Waterborne Pathogens in Agricultural Watersheds in Canada.", Journal of Environmental Quality, 41(1), pp. 21-30. doi : 10.2134/jeq2010.0253
- Frey, S.K., Rudolph, D.R., Lapen, D.R., and Ball Coelho, B.R. (2012). "Viscosity dependant dual-permeability modelling of liquid manure movement in layered, macroporous, tile drained soil.", Water Resources Research, 48(W00L11). doi : 10.1029/2011WR010809
- Gottschall, N., Topp, E., Metcalfe, C.D., Edwards, M., Payne, M., Kleywegt, S., Russell, P., and Lapen, D.R. (2012). "Pharmaceutical and personal care products in groundwater, subsurface drainage, soil, and wheat grain, following a high single application of municipal biosolids to a field.", Chemosphere, 87(2), pp. 194-203. doi : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.018
- Jokinen, C.C., Edge, T.A., Koning, W., Laing, C.R., Lapen, D.R., Miller, J.J., Mutschall, S.K., Scott, A., Taboada, E.N., Thomas, J.E., Topp, E., Wilkes, G.A., and Gannon, V.P.J. (2012). "Spatial and Temporal Drivers of Zoonotic Pathogen Contamination of an Agricultural Watershed.", Journal of Environmental Quality, 41(1), pp. 242-252. doi : 10.2134/jeq2011.0203
- Lyautey, E., Hartmann, A., Lapen, D.R., and Topp, E. (2012). "A comparison of enrichment and direct plating methods for isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from surface water.", Canadian Journal of Microbiology / Revue canadienne de microbiologie, 58(12), pp. 1405-1410. doi : 10.1139/cjm-2012-0418
- Ruecker, N.J., Matsune, J.C., Lapen, D.R., Topp, E., Edge, T.A., and Neumann, N.F. (2012). "The detection of Cryptosporidium and the resolution of mixtures of species and genotypes from water.", Infection, Genetics and Evolution. doi : 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.09.009
- Ruecker, N.J., Matsune, J.C., Wilkes, G.A., Lapen, D.R., Topp, E., Edge, T.A., Sensen, C.W., Xiao, L., and Neumann, N.F. (2012). "Molecular and phylogenetic approaches for assessing sources of Cryptosporidium contamination in water.", Water Research, 46(16), pp. 5135-5150. doi : 10.1016/j.watres.2012.06.045
- Sabourin, L., Duenk, P.W., Bonte-Gelok, S., Payne, M., Lapen, D.R., and Topp, E. (2012). "Uptake of pharmaceuticals, hormones and parabens into vegetables grown in soil fertilized with municipal biosolids.", Science of the Total Environment, 431, pp. 233-236. doi : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.017
- Sunohara, M., Topp, E., Wilkes, G.A., Gottschall, N., Neumann, N.F., Ruecker, N.J., Jones, T.H., Edge, T.A., Marti, R., and Lapen, D.R. (2012). "Impact of Riparian Zone Protection From Cattle on Nutrient, Bacteria, F5 coliphage, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia Loading of an Intermittent Stream.", Journal of Environmental Quality. doi : 10.2135/jeq2011.0407
2011:
- Ball Coelho, B.R., Murray, R.L., Lapen, D.R., Topp, E., and Bruin, A.J. (2011). "Phosphorus and sediment loading to surface waters from liquid swine manure application under different drainage and tillage practices.", Agricultural Water Management, 104, pp. 51-61. doi : 10.1016/j.agwat.2011.10.020
- Edwards, M., Topp, E., Bolton, P., and Lapen, D.R. (2011). "Practical considerations optically sensing rhodamine WT in water impacted by municipal biosolids.", Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 173(1-4), pp. 37-44. doi : 10.1007/s10661-010-1368-9
- Gregorich, E.G., Lapen, D.R., Ma, B.-L., McLaughlin, N.B., and VandenBygaart, A.J. (2011). "Soil and Crop Response to Varying Levels of Compaction, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Clay Content.", Soil Science Society of America Journal, 75(4), pp. 1483-1492. doi : 10.2136/sssaj2010.0395
- Lanthier, M., Scott, A., Cloutier, M., Durie, D., Henderson, V.C., Wilkes, G.A., Lapen, D.R., and Topp, E. (2011). "Distribution of selected virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus species isolated from the South Nation River drainage basin, Ontario, Canada.", Journal of Applied Microbiology, 110(2), pp. 407-421. doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04893.x
- Lyautey, E., Wilkes, G.A., Miller, J.J., van Bochove, É., Schreier, H., Koning, W., Edge, T.A., Lapen, D.R., and Topp, E. (2011). "Variation of an indicator of Escherichia coli persistence from surface waters of mixed-use watersheds, and relationship with population density and other factors.", Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology, 47(1), pp. 1-9. doi : 10.1051/limn/2010033
- Marti, R., Zhang, Y., Lapen, D.R., and Topp, E. (2011). "Development and validation of a microbial source tracking marker for the detection of fecal pollution by muskrats.", Journal of Microbiological Methods, 87(1), pp. 82-88. doi : 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.07.013
- Sabourin, L., Al-Rajab, A.J., Chapman, R.A., Lapen, D.R., and Topp, E. (2011). "Fate of the antifungal drug clotrimazole in agricultural soil.", Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 30(3), pp. 582-587. doi : 10.1002/etc.432
- Wilkes, G.A., Edge, T.A., Gannon, V.P.J., Jokinen, C.C., Lyautey, E., Neumann, N.F., Ruecker, N.J., Scott, A., Sunohara, M., Topp, E., and Lapen, D.R. (2011). "Associations among Pathogenic Bacteria, Parasites, and Environmental and Land use Factors in Multiple Mixed-Use Watersheds, Eastern Ontario Canada.", Water Research, 45(18), pp. 5807–5825. doi : 10.1016/j.watres.2011.06.021
2010:
- Al-Rajab, A.J., Sabourin, L., Chapman, R.A., Lapen, D.R., and Topp, E. (2010). "Fate of the antiretroviral drug tenofovir in agricultural soil.", Science of the Total Environment, 408(22), pp. 5559-5564. doi : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.074
- Al-Rajab, A.J., Sabourin, L., Lapen, D.R., and Topp, E. (2010). "The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac is readily biodegradable in agricultural soils.", Science of the Total Environment, 409(1), pp. 78-82. doi : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.020
- Cicek, H., Sunohara, M., Wilkes, G.A., McNairn, H., Pick, F., Topp, E., and Lapen, D.R. (2010). "Using vegetation indices from satellite remote sensing to assess corn and soybean response to controlled tile drainage.", Agricultural Water Management, 98(2), pp. 261-270. doi : 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.08.019
- Gottschall, N., Topp, E., Edwards, M., Russell, P., Payne, M., Kleywegt, S., Curnoe, W.E., and Lapen, D.R. (2010). "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, perfluorinated alkylated substances, and metals in tile drainage and groundwater following applications of municipal biosolids to agricultural fields.", Science of the Total Environment, 408(4), pp. 873-883. doi : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.063
- Küster, A., Alder, A.C., Escher, B.I., Duis, K., Fenner, K., Garric, J., Hutchinson, T.H., Lapen, D.R., Péry, A., Römbke, J., Snape, J.R., Ternes, T., Topp, E., Wehrhan, A., and Knacker, T. (2010). "Environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals in the European Union: A case study with the β-blocker atenolol.", Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 6(S1), pp. 514-523. doi : 10.1897/IEAM_2009-050.1
- Lanthier, M., Scott, A., Lapen, D.R., Zhang, Y., and Topp, E. (2010). "Frequency of Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistances in Enterococcus spp. Isolates From Wastewater and Feces of Domesticated Mammals and Birds, and Wildlife.", Canadian Journal of Microbiology / Revue canadienne de microbiologie, 56(9), pp. 715-729. doi : 10.1139/W10-046
- Lyautey, E., Lu, Z.X., Lapen, D.R., Berkers, T.E., Edge, T.A., and Topp, E. (2010). "Optimization and validation of rep-PCR genotypic libraries for microbial source tracking of environmental Escherichia coli isolates.", Canadian Journal of Microbiology / Revue canadienne de microbiologie, 56(1), pp. 8-17. doi : 10.1139/W09-113
- Lyautey, E., Lu, Z.X., Lapen, D.R., Wilkes, G.A., Scott, A., Berkers, T.E., Edge, T.A., and Topp, E. (2010). "Distribution and Diversity of Escherichia coli Populations in the South Nation River Drainage Basin, Eastern Ontario, Canada.", Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76(5), pp. 1486-1496. doi : 10.1128/AEM.02288-09
- Topp, E., Metcalfe, C.D., Boxall, A.B.A., and Lapen, D.R. (2010). "Transport of PPCPs and Veterinary Medicines from Agricultural Fields following Application of Biosolids or Manure.", in Halden, R.U. (ed.) - Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Environment: Ecological and Human Health Considerations. ACS Symposium Series Vol. 1048, American Chemical Society (ACS), Chapter 10, pp. 227-240.
2009:
- Al-Rajab, A.J., Sabourin, L., Scott, A., Lapen, D.R., and Topp, E. (2009). "Impact of biosolids on the persistence and dissipation pathways of triclosan and triclocarban in an agricultural soil.", Science of the Total Environment, 407(23), pp. 5978-5985. doi : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.003
- Edwards, M., Topp, E., Metcalfe, C.D., Li, H., Gottschall, N., Bolton, P., Curnoe, W.E., Payne, M., Beck, A., Kleywegt, S., and Lapen, D.R. (2009). "Pharmaceutical and personal care products in tile drainage following surface spreading and injection of dewatered municipal biosolids to an agricultural field.", Science of the Total Environment, 407(14), pp. 4220-4230. doi : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.028
- Gottschall, N., Edwards, M., Topp, E., Bolton, P., Payne, M., Kleywegt, S., Curnoe, W.E., Ball Coelho, B.R., and Lapen, D.R. (2009). "Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Bacteria Tile and Groundwater Quality Following Direct Injection of Dewatered Municipal Biosolids into Soil.", Journal of Environmental Quality, 38(3), pp. 1066-1075. doi : 10.2134/jeq2008.0085
- Khan, I.U.H., Gannon, V.P.J., Loughborough, A., Jokinen, C.C., Phillips, R., Kent, R., Koning, W., Lapen, D.R., Medeiros, D.T., Miller, J.J., Neumann, N.F., Robertson, W.J., Schreier, H., Topp, E., van Bochove, É., and Edge, T.A. (2009). "A methods comparison for the isolation and detection of thermophilic Campylobacter in agricultural watersheds.", Journal of Microbiological Methods, 79(3), pp. 307-313. doi : 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.09.024
- Larsbo, M., Lapen, D.R., Topp, E., Metcalfe, C.D., Abbaspour, K.C., and Fenner, K. (2009). "Simulation of pharmaceutical and personal care product transport to tile drains following land application of biosolids.", Journal of Environmental Quality, 38(3), pp. 1274-1285. doi : 10.2134/jeq2008.0301
- Sabourin, L., Beck, A., Duenk, P.W., Kleywegt, S., Lapen, D.R., Li, H.X., Metcalfe, C.D., Payne, M., and Topp, E. (2009). "Runoff of pharmaceuticals and personal care products following application of dewatered municipal biosolids to an agricultural field.", Science of the Total Environment, 407(16), pp. 4596-4604. doi : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.04.027
- Topp, E., Scott, A., Lapen, D.R., Lyautey, E., and Duriez, P. (2009). "Livestock waste treatment systems for reducing environmental exposure to hazardous enteric pathogens: Some considerations.", Bioresource Technology, 100(22), pp. 5395-5398. doi : 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.001
- Wilkes, G.A., Edge, T.A., Gannon, V.P.J., Jokinen, C.C., Lyautey, E., Medeiros, D.T., Neumann, N.F., Ruecker, N.J., Topp, E., and Lapen, D.R. (2009). "Seasonal Relationships Among Indicator Bacteria, Pathogenic Bacteria, Cryptosporidium Oocysts, Giardia Cysts, and Hydrological Indices for Surface Waters Within an Agricultural Landscape.", Water Research, 43(8), pp. 2209-2223. doi : 10.1016/j.watres.2009.01.033
Other Science Related Publications:
2012:
- Ruecker, N.J., Matsune, J.C., Lapen, D.R., Schreier, H., van Bochove, É., Koning, W., Edge, T.A., Topp, E., Sensen, C.W., Xiao, L., and Neumann, N.F. (2012). "Phylogenetic processes for analyzing the sequence diversity of Cryptosporidium from environmental samples used for source tracking.", American Water Works Association (AWWA) Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition 2011, Phoenix Convention Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, November 13-17, 2011, pp. 2106-2117.
- Solliec, M., Massé, D.I., Lapen, D.R., and Sauvé, S. (2012). "Analysis of trimethoprim, lincomycin and sulfadoxin using Laser Diode Thermal Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry in manure.", 60th Annual Conference of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (ASMS), Vancouver, BC, Canada, May 20-24, 2012.
2011:
- Nangia, V., Sunohara, M., Topp, E., Gregorich, E.G., Gottschall, N., Drury, C.F., Toussef, M.A., and Lapen, D.R. (2011). "Assessing field-scale effects of controlled tile drainage on N mass balance from corn and soybean fields in Eastern Ontario, Canada.", 2011 ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting: Fundamental for life: soil, crop and environmental sciences, San Antonio, TX, USA, October 16-19, 2011.
- Nangia, V., Sunohara, M., Topp, E., Gregorich, E.G., Gottschall, N., Drury, C.F., and Lapen, D.R. (2011). "Measuring the effects of watertable management on soil greenhouse gas emissions from corn and soybean fields in Eastern Canada.", 2011 ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting: Fundamental for life: soil, crop and environmental sciences, San Antonio, TX, USA, October 16-19, 2011.
2010:
- Edwards, M., Topp, E., Metcalfe, C.D., Li, H., Gottschall, N., Bolton, P., Curnoe, W.E., Payne, M., Beck, A., Kleywegt, S., and Lapen, D.R. (2010). "Pharmaceutical and personal care products in tile drainage following surface spreading and injection of dewatered municipal biosolids to an agricultural field [Science of the Total Environment (2009) 407, pp. 4220-4230] (Corrigendum).", Science of the Total Environment, 408(9), pp. 2180.
- Gottschall, N., Edwards, M., Topp, E., Bolton, P., Payne, M., Curnoe, W.E., Ball Coelho, B.R., and Lapen, D.R. (2010). "Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Bacteria Tile and Groundwater Quality Following Direct Injection of Dewatered Municipal Biosolids into Soil [Journal of Environmental Quality, 38(4), pp. 1783-1783] (Erratum No. 2).", Journal of Environmental Quality, 39(2), pp. 433.
- Harker, D.B., Clearwater, L., Broersma, K., Chow, L., Hebb, D., Lapen, D.R., Miller, J.J., Scott, T.A., Stuart, V., van Bochove, É., and Yarotski, J.B. (2010). "Watershed Evaluation of Beneficial Management Practices: Lessons Learned Measuring Landscape Processes in Canada.", - Managing agricultural landscapes for environmental quality II, pp. 121-130.
- Lanthier, M., Moreau, G., Cloutier, M., Goulet, B., Nossova, N., Lachapelle, N., Najem, D., Lapen, D.R., and Topp, E. (2010). "Antibiotic Resistance of Arcobacter butzleri isolates from the South Nation River Watershed, Ontario, Canada.", 2nd American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Meeting on Antimicrobial Resistance in Zoonotic and Foodborne Pathogens in Animals, Humans and the Environment, Toronto, ON, Canada, June 8-11, 2010.
- Parrott, J., McLaughlin, A., Lapen, D.R., and Topp, E. (2010). "Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals.", in Kaputska, L.A. and Landis, W.G. (eds.) - Environmental Risk Assessment and Management from a Landscape Perspective, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 329-346.
- Ruecker, N.J., Wilkes, G.A., Lapen, D.R., Topp, E., Edge, T.A., and Neumann, N.F. (2010). "Investigating the association between land use and cryptosporidium occurrence in the south nation watershed in eastern Ontario, Canada.", International Symposium on Waterborne Pathogens 2010, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA, May 2-4, 2010.
- Shtepani, I., Edge, T.A., Valeo, C., Khan, I.U.H., Gannon, V.P.J., Kent, R., Koning, W., Lapen, D.R., Medeiros, D.T., Miller, J., Phillips, R., Topp, E., van Bochove, É., Ruecker, N.J., and Neumann, N.F. (2010). "Source water protection: How well do traditional water quality indicators correlate with pathogen occurrence?", Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition 2009, Seattle, WA, USA, November 15-19, 2009, pp. 3710-3720.
- Sunohara, M., Youssef, M.A., Topp, E., and Lapen, D.R. (2010). "Measured effect of agricultural drainage water management on hydrology, water quality, and crop yield.", Canadian Society for Bioengineering CSBE/SCGAB and CIGR jointly held 9th International Drainage Symposium, Québec City Convention Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada, June 13-16, 2010, Paper No. 711P0610e, pp. 392-401.
2009:
- Frey, S.K., Rudolph, D.R., Lapen, D.R., Ball Coelho, B.R., and Topp, E. (2009). "Influence of Liquid Manure Application Methods on the Mobility of Dissolved Nutrient Species in Macroporous and Tile-Drained Soils.", 2009 Ground Water Summit, Hilton Tucson El Conquistador Golf & Tennis Resort, Tuscon, AZ, USA, April 21, 2009. (Presentation)
- Gottschall, N., Edwards, M., Topp, E., Bolton, J.M., Payne, M., Kleywegt, S., Curnoe, W.E., Ball Coelho, B.R., and Lapen, D.R. (2009). "Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Bacteria Tile and Groundwater Quality Following Direct Injection of Dewatered Municipal Biosolids into Soil [Journal of Environmental Quality, 38(4), pp. 1783-1783] (Erratum).", Journal of Environmental Quality, 38(4), pp. 1783.
- Lanthier, M., Lapen, D.R., Cloutier, M., Goulet, B., Nossova, N., and Topp, E. (2009). "Isolation and Characterization of Arcobacter spp. From the South Nation Watershed, Ontario, Canada.", 59th Annual Conference of the Canadian Society of Microbiologists / Conférence annuelle de la Société Canadienne des Microbiologistes (SCM), Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada, June 15-18, 2009, Abstract AE37. (Abstract)
- Lanthier, M., Lapen, D.R., Cloutier, M., Nossova, N., and Topp, E. (2009). "Isolation and Characterization of Arcobacter spp. From the South Nation Watershed, Ontario, Canada.", 109th General Meeting of American Society for Microbiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA, May 17-21, 2009, Abstract Q170. (Abstract)
- McLaughlin, N.B., Burtt, S.D., and Lapen, D.R. (2009). "Comparison of directional semi-variograms for mouldboard plough and field cultivator draught.", 7th Joint International Agricultural Conference: ECPA, ECPLF and EFITA conference, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands, July 6-8, 2009.
- Sabourin, L., Beck, A., Duenk, P.W., Kleywegt, S., Lapen, D.R., Li, H.X., Metcalfe, C.D., Payne, M., and Topp, E. (2009). "Runnoff of pharmaceuticals and personal care products following application of dewatered municipal biosolids to an agricultural field [Science of the Total Environment 407 (2009) 4596-4604] (Erratum).", Science of the Total Environment, 407(22), pp. 5928-5930.
- Topp, E., Lapen, D.R., and Metcalfe, C.D. (2009). "The Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Program to Assess and Manage the Transport of Microconstituents in Biosolids-Amended Soils.", Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, Residuals and Biosolids, pp. 765-766.